Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects, includi

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable ability to safeguard delicate skin. This soothing element has long been utilized in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective qualities. Forming a physical defense on the skin's exterior, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful sunl